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Valve Engineering Glossary

Plain-language definitions of the terms that appear on valve datasheets, standards and purchase orders — written by the VTXFLOW engineering team.

Glossary

Double Block and Bleed (DBB)

Double block and bleed is a valve configuration — defined in API 6D — with two seating surfaces that each block flow from line pressure, plus a means …

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Glossary

Double Isolation and Bleed (DIB)

Double isolation and bleed is an API 6D valve configuration in which at least one seat seals against pressure from both directions, so the body cavity…

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Glossary

Fire-Safe Design

A fire-safe valve is designed so that after its soft seals are destroyed by fire, secondary metal-to-metal seating and graphite packing still limit in…

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Glossary

Anti-Static Device

An anti-static device is a set of spring-loaded conductive plungers that maintain electrical continuity between a ball valve's ball, stem and body, so…

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Glossary

Blow-Out Proof Stem

A blow-out proof stem is a valve stem assembled from inside the body with an integral shoulder larger than the stem bore, so internal pressure can nev…

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Glossary

Fugitive Emissions

Fugitive emissions are unintended leaks of process gas or vapour to atmosphere through valve stem packing, bonnet joints and body seals — individually…

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Glossary

Bubble-Tight Shutoff

Bubble-tight shutoff means a closed valve shows zero visible bubbles during a low-pressure air or nitrogen seat test with the downstream side monitore…

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Glossary

Seat Leakage Class (ANSI FCI 70-2)

ANSI/FCI 70-2 defines six seat leakage classes for valves. Class IV (0.01% of rated capacity) is standard metal-seated quality, Class V is a much tigh…

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Glossary

ISO 5208 Leakage Rates

ISO 5208 grades valve seat tightness into rate classes from Rate A (no visually detectable leakage) through AA, B, C, CC, D, E, EE, F and G, each with…

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Glossary

API 598 Testing

API 598 is the inspection and pressure-testing standard for valves built to API design codes. It requires a shell test at 1.5 times the 38°C rating, a…

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Glossary

Pressure-Seal Bonnet

A pressure-seal bonnet uses internal line pressure to energise its own sealing: the bonnet sits inside the body neck against a soft iron or graphite g…

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Glossary

Bolted Bonnet

A bolted bonnet valve attaches its bonnet to the body with a gasketed, stud-bolted flange joint — the standard construction of API 600 gate valves and…

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Glossary

Welded Bonnet

A welded bonnet valve has its bonnet seal-welded or fully welded to the body, eliminating the gasketed flange joint and its leak path entirely. The co…

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Glossary

Extended Bonnet

An extended bonnet is the elongated neck — typically 250 to 600 mm — between a cryogenic valve's body and its stuffing box. It holds a static column o…

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Glossary

Bellows Seal

A bellows-sealed valve replaces the sliding stem-packing interface with a welded metal bellows — a flexible, hermetic barrier that stretches and compr…

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Glossary

OS&Y (Outside Screw and Yoke)

OS&Y — outside screw and yoke — is a rising-stem valve construction in which the stem threads are outside the pressure envelope, engaging a yoke nut a…

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Glossary

Rising Stem

On a rising-stem valve the stem travels up out of the body as the valve opens, showing position directly; on a non-rising stem design the stem only ro…

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Glossary

Valve Trim

Valve trim is the set of replaceable internal parts in contact with the process fluid — typically the stem, seat rings, wedge or disc facings and back…

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Glossary

Gate Valve Wedge (Solid, Flexible, Split)

A solid wedge is one rigid piece — strong, simple and standard for general service. A flexible wedge has a peripheral groove letting each face flex in…

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Glossary

Full Bore vs Reduced Bore

A full-bore (full-port) valve has an internal passage matching the pipe's inside diameter, allowing pigging, minimal pressure drop and unrestricted fl…

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